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2021年普通专升本:专升本英语非谓语动词之分词

来源:湖北专升本考试网 - 整理
时间:2021-09-24
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  分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
  现在分词和过去分词的区别:
  在语态上,现在分词表明主动含义,过去分词表明被迫含义;
  在时刻上,现在分词表明的动作往往正在进行或许与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表明的动作现已完结或没有一定的时刻性。

  如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶  fallen leaves 现已落在地上的树叶

  分词的作用
   1、作定语

  (1)单个分词作定语,分词前置。如:
  The sleeping boy is my son.
  The excited people rushed into the building.
  He is a retired worker.
  (2)分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词润饰不定代词something等要后置;单个分词如give, left等作定语也后置。如:
  The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
  This is the question given.
  There is nothing interesting.
  (3)过去分词作定语与其润饰的词是被迫联系,相当于一个被迫语态的定语从句。如:
  Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
   2、作状语
  现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时刻、原因、方法、随同、条件、结果等状语。
  If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better. (条件)
  Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.
  Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital. (原因).
  Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (退让)
  He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (随同)
  He came running to tell me the good news. (方法)
  留意:
  (1)选择现在分词还是过去分词,要害看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。比较:
  (Being)Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时刻,这本书看上去很旧。
  Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。
  (2)分词作状语时,其逻辑主语有必要和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完结式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。
  When completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
  Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
  3、作表语
  现在分词作表语多表明主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如:
  The film is touching.
  The glass is broken.
  He remained standing beside the table.
  4、作宾语补足语
  分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如:
  I smell something burning.
  I heard him singing the song.
  I heard my name called.
  I can’t make myself understood in English.
  I found my car missing.
  5、作插入语
  其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
  generally speaking 一般说来          t
  alking of (speaking of) 提到
  strictly speaking 严格地说
  judging from 从……判断
  all things considered 从整体来看
  taking all things into consideration 全面看来。

  Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。